Emerging Trends in TDDS: A Focus on Amoxicillin-Loaded Transdermal Patch

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery is a non-invasive method of administering therapeutic agents through the skin into systemic circulation. It offers controlled and sustained release of drugs over extended periods, thereby maintaining consistent plasma concentrations and improving patient compliance. By delivering drugs directly into the bloodstream via the skin, transdermal systems bypass the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first-pass metabolism, which can degrade or inactivate drugs when given orally. Transdermal patches are flexible pharmaceutical preparations designed to adhere to intact skin and facilitate diffusion of the active ingredient into systemic circulation. This route reduces the need for frequent dosing and avoids many limitations of other routes, such as pain and infection risk associated with injections. Patches such as nicotine and scopolamine were among the earliest in clinical use, demonstrating the practicality and therapeutic benefits of transdermal drug delivery. Despite challenges like skin barrier permeability and limited drug molecule properties, ongoing advancements in formulation and materials continue to expand their clinical applications.