Design and Characterization of Phytosomal Gel by Using Cardiospermum Halicacabum L. Leaf Extract for it’s Anticancer Activity

Abstract

This study focuses on the design and characterization of a phytosomal gel utilizing the aqueous soluble extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. leaves for its potential anticancer activity against Melanoma. Given the hydrophilic nature of the extract, phytosomes were employed to encapsulate it, utilizing the Rotary evaporation technique and factorial design for formulation. The optimized phytosomal batch exhibited a particle size of 51.7 nm and a zeta potential of -57.1 mV, as confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy, showcasing smooth and spherical morphology. In vitro skin permeation studies, conducted through fluorescence microscopy, demonstrated enhanced penetration into deeper layers of the skin. The Cardiospermum halicacabum phytosomal gel displayed significantly heightened cytotoxicity in vitro (p<0.01), with an IC50 value of 23.89 μg/mL, in contrast to the Cardiospermum halicacabum L. leaf extract (31.69 μg/mL). The refined phytosomal gel underwent a comprehensive evaluation, encompassing in vitro skin penetration, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and live-dead cell assays, all of which underscored its substantial anticancer efficacy.