A Review on Hidden Pandemic of Antibiotic Resistance Super Bugs

Abstract

Antibiotics have assisted in saving the lives of numerous individuals. Based on their origin, form, and mode of action, antibiotics
have been categorized into distinct classes. An innate and acquired mechanism of antimicrobial resistance has been identified in
numerous clinically significant bacterial strains. This has posed a significant threat to the use of antibiotics and contributed to the
proliferation of microbes resistant to effective first-choice or "first-line" medications. Antibiotic resistance has led to the emergence
of so-called superbugs that are immune to the current treatment method. There are fewer antibiotics available to treat these infections, and fewer are in development. In children in developing and underdeveloped nations, infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality. Antibiotics are chemical agents that inhibit bacterial proliferation by preventing or destroying bacterial cell
division. However, the widespread use, misuse, and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals has led to the emergence of
resistant bacteria that pose a threat to both animal and human health. Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been referred to as
"nightmare bacteria" that pose a catastrophic threat to the population of every country on earth. Antibiotic resistance is caused by a
variety of factors, including the use of antibiotics in subtherapeutic quantities, non-laboratory-based therapy, and improper storage